---
{
  "id": "ASD-QM-TESTS-QUANTUM",
  "path": "/tests/quantum",
  "title": "量子现象：现象学验收矩阵",
  "title_en": "Quantum Phenomena: Requirements Matrix",
  "category": "量子现象",
  "summary": "Quantum Phenomena Foundation v1.0 · Canonical / Effective / Open. 七项要求，分别列出有效结果、独立推导与装置级区分能力。",
  "template": "test",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "updated": "2026-09-22",
  "canonical": true,
  "source_tier": "canonical",
  "theory_status": "OPEN",
  "evidence_status": "UNTESTED",
  "locale": "zh",
  "module_key": "quantum-research",
  "module_navigation": [
    {
      "path": "/theory/quantum",
      "label": "总览",
      "en": "Overview"
    },
    {
      "path": "/theory/quantum/accompanying-field",
      "label": "伴随场",
      "en": "Accompanying Field"
    },
    {
      "path": "/theory/quantum/matter-wave",
      "label": "物质波",
      "en": "Matter Wave"
    },
    {
      "path": "/theory/quantum/effective-wave-equation",
      "label": "有效方程",
      "en": "Effective Equation"
    },
    {
      "path": "/theory/quantum/interference-diffraction",
      "label": "干涉与衍射",
      "en": "Interference"
    },
    {
      "path": "/theory/quantum/uncertainty-probability",
      "label": "测不准",
      "en": "Uncertainty"
    },
    {
      "path": "/theory/quantum/detection-statistics",
      "label": "探测与统计",
      "en": "Detection"
    },
    {
      "path": "/theory/quantum/tunneling",
      "label": "隧穿",
      "en": "Tunneling"
    },
    {
      "path": "/tests/quantum",
      "label": "现象学要求",
      "en": "Requirements"
    }
  ],
  "canonical_scope": "正式研究框架；有效结果依赖明确条件",
  "source_chapter": "Chapter 5 / 第五章 · 出版整理稿",
  "source_reference": "Ch. 5 §§2–3; experimental references separately identified",
  "source_version": "QM-0accdcbe7725",
  "source_sha256": "0accdcbe772504a352cb16ac5e41b6979599e8876b767666397faa8abccfb245",
  "source_kind": "manifest",
  "source_records": [
    {
      "id": "CH5-ca737ec4e327",
      "title": "第五章-出版整理稿.docx",
      "sha256": "ca737ec4e327d72c5507bbc8e00295b6e56029c7583ebad8e505cdb9c68c6262",
      "format": "docx"
    }
  ],
  "source_manifest": "quantum-source-manifest.json",
  "source_manifest_url": "/downloads/ASD_Quantum_Source_Manifest.json",
  "last_reviewed": "2026-09-16",
  "depends_on": [
    "/theory/quantum"
  ],
  "related": [
    "/theory/quantum"
  ],
  "open_problems": [
    "/open-problems/quantum/phase-momentum-locking",
    "/open-problems/quantum/effective-limit",
    "/open-problems/quantum/born-statistics",
    "/open-problems/quantum/tunneling-core-coupling",
    "/open-problems/quantum/experimental-discriminator"
  ],
  "equations": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "CH5-ca737ec4e327 · 第五章-出版整理稿.docx",
      "kind": "supplied-manuscript"
    },
    {
      "label": "Davisson & Germer (1927) · Electron diffraction",
      "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.30.705",
      "kind": "external-reference"
    },
    {
      "label": "Tonomura et al. (1989) · Single-electron interference",
      "url": "https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article/57/2/117/1040594/Demonstration-of-single-electron-buildup-of-an",
      "kind": "external-reference"
    },
    {
      "label": "Binnig et al. (1982) · Scanning tunneling microscopy",
      "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57",
      "kind": "external-reference"
    },
    {
      "label": "Arndt et al. (1999) · C₆₀ interference",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/44348",
      "kind": "external-reference"
    }
  ],
  "outline": [
    "这是验收矩阵，不是新增的 ASD 验证",
    "逐项验收记录",
    "进入下一轮的门槛"
  ],
  "seo_title": "量子现象：现象学验收矩阵 | Quantum Phenomena Foundation v1.0 · ASD",
  "canonical_url": "https://asd-physics.org/tests/quantum",
  "translation_path": "/en/tests/quantum",
  "mathematical_review": "INCOMPLETE",
  "evidence_note": "NOT YET UNIQUELY TESTED · 已知波动现象是验收要求；独立源动力学与普适事件统计尚未闭合。",
  "experiments": [
    {
      "id": "qm-wavelength",
      "name": "de Broglie 波长",
      "category": "PHENOMENOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT",
      "evidence_status": "UNTESTED",
      "source_reference": "Davisson & Germer (1927) · Electron diffraction",
      "observed": "λ=h/P 是物质波比较目标。",
      "asd": "同一结构的机械动量与相位波数。",
      "established": "Established wave/quantum result used as a comparison target.",
      "numerical_difference": "NOT YET CALCULATED",
      "interpretation_difference": "Different physical interpretation is not itself a discriminator.",
      "distinguishes": "NO / NOT YET",
      "current_status": "CONDITIONAL · 作用量／动量识别尚待独立建立。",
      "independent_derivation": "未闭合；使用 ℏ 匹配后可恢复。",
      "required_precision": "待固定装置、数据集、ASD 差值及理论误差后确定；本轮不虚构数字。"
    },
    {
      "id": "qm-diffraction",
      "name": "电子衍射",
      "category": "PHENOMENOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT",
      "evidence_status": "UNTESTED",
      "source_reference": "Davisson & Germer (1927) · Electron diffraction",
      "observed": "晶体衍射的角分布与波数关系。",
      "asd": "实际边界、势与入射谱下的几何图样。",
      "established": "Established wave/quantum result used as a comparison target.",
      "numerical_difference": "NOT YET CALCULATED",
      "interpretation_difference": "Different physical interpretation is not itself a discriminator.",
      "distinguishes": "NO / NOT YET",
      "current_status": "EFFECTIVE · 有孔径解；本站未重做晶体数据拟合。",
      "independent_derivation": "给定有效方程和边界后可推导；源和匹配未闭合。",
      "required_precision": "待固定装置、数据集、ASD 差值及理论误差后确定；本轮不虚构数字。"
    },
    {
      "id": "qm-single-events",
      "name": "单粒子两路干涉事件",
      "category": "PHENOMENOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT",
      "evidence_status": "UNTESTED",
      "source_reference": "Tonomura et al. (1989) · Single-electron interference",
      "observed": "逐个事件积累为干涉图样；参考实验为电子双棱镜。",
      "asd": "实际装置中的单次记录、可见度及累计分布。",
      "established": "Established wave/quantum result used as a comparison target.",
      "numerical_difference": "NOT YET CALCULATED",
      "interpretation_difference": "Different physical interpretation is not itself a discriminator.",
      "distinguishes": "NO / NOT YET",
      "current_status": "OPEN · 场条纹不决定一次一记录。",
      "independent_derivation": "尚无闭合的核—场—探测器事件推导。",
      "required_precision": "待固定装置、数据集、ASD 差值及理论误差后确定；本轮不虚构数字。"
    },
    {
      "id": "qm-uncertainty",
      "name": "Fourier 测不准界",
      "category": "PHENOMENOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT",
      "evidence_status": "UNTESTED",
      "source_reference": "Ch. 5 (5.3.23)–(5.3.26) · mathematical target, not an independent experiment",
      "observed": "使用标准差的 ΔxΔk≥1/2；动量界以 p=ℏk 为条件。",
      "asd": "宽度约定、制备及核心动量测量映射。",
      "established": "Established wave/quantum result used as a comparison target.",
      "numerical_difference": "NOT YET CALCULATED",
      "interpretation_difference": "Different physical interpretation is not itself a discriminator.",
      "distinguishes": "NO / NOT YET",
      "current_status": "DERIVED MATHEMATICS / CONDITIONAL PHYSICS。",
      "independent_derivation": "Fourier 证明成立；物理识别仍有条件。",
      "required_precision": "待固定装置、数据集、ASD 差值及理论误差后确定；本轮不虚构数字。"
    },
    {
      "id": "qm-tunneling",
      "name": "势垒透射",
      "category": "PHENOMENOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT",
      "evidence_status": "UNTESTED",
      "source_reference": "Binnig et al. (1982) · Scanning tunneling microscopy",
      "observed": "有效理论的 T(E,V₀,a) 是恢复目标；STM 是应用参考。",
      "asd": "给定势垒的流比，以及核心事件的透射／反射。",
      "established": "Established wave/quantum result used as a comparison target.",
      "numerical_difference": "NOT YET CALCULATED",
      "interpretation_difference": "Different physical interpretation is not itself a discriminator.",
      "distinguishes": "NO / NOT YET",
      "current_status": "EFFECTIVE / OPEN · 包络可算，核心跨越未解。",
      "independent_derivation": "有效线性边值问题已推导；未独立导出核心传输。",
      "required_precision": "待固定装置、数据集、ASD 差值及理论误差后确定；本轮不虚构数字。"
    },
    {
      "id": "qm-born",
      "name": "Born 统计",
      "category": "PHENOMENOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT",
      "evidence_status": "UNTESTED",
      "source_reference": "Tonomura et al. (1989) · Single-electron interference",
      "observed": "归一化平方模位置统计及明确的探测协议。",
      "asd": "校准后事件率、一次一记录与统计普适性。",
      "established": "Established wave/quantum result used as a comparison target.",
      "numerical_difference": "NOT YET CALCULATED",
      "interpretation_difference": "Different physical interpretation is not itself a discriminator.",
      "distinguishes": "NO / NOT YET",
      "current_status": "OPEN · 已有线性吸收的条件性来源。",
      "independent_derivation": "没有普适证明；不得把目标分布写进采样器再称为推导。",
      "required_precision": "待固定装置、数据集、ASD 差值及理论误差后确定；本轮不虚构数字。"
    },
    {
      "id": "qm-mass-scaling",
      "name": "质量及中性复合物标度",
      "category": "PHENOMENOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT",
      "evidence_status": "UNTESTED",
      "source_reference": "Arndt et al. (1999) · C₆₀ interference",
      "observed": "中性复合物也有物质波干涉。",
      "asd": "固定共享参数下正确的质心波数—动量—质量关系。",
      "established": "Established wave/quantum result used as a comparison target.",
      "numerical_difference": "NOT YET CALCULATED",
      "interpretation_difference": "Different physical interpretation is not itself a discriminator.",
      "distinguishes": "NO / NOT YET",
      "current_status": "TO EVALUATE · 有条件性质心分离，尚无跨物种 ASD 联合计算。",
      "independent_derivation": "给定有效多体包络可分离；一般局域场到该包络的来源未闭合。",
      "required_precision": "待固定装置、数据集、ASD 差值及理论误差后确定；本轮不虚构数字。"
    }
  ],
  "date_published": "2026-09-16",
  "metadata_reviewed": "2026-09-22"
}
---
## 这是验收矩阵，不是新增的 ASD 验证

七项均为 PHENOMENOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT。已有实验支持相应波动现象；当前 ASD 独立来源、装置计算和区分差值须另作检验，因此证据栏统一为 UNTESTED。数学验算不改变这一证据等级。

| 可观测量 | 当前 ASD 状态 | 可区分预测？ | 缺口 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [de Broglie 波长](#qm-wavelength) | CONDITIONAL · 作用量／动量识别尚待独立建立。 | NO / NOT YET | [OP-QM-002](/open-problems/quantum/phase-momentum-locking) |
| [电子衍射](#qm-diffraction) | EFFECTIVE · 有孔径解；本站未重做晶体数据拟合。 | NO / NOT YET | [OP-QM-003](/open-problems/quantum/effective-limit) |
| [单粒子两路干涉事件](#qm-single-events) | OPEN · 场条纹不决定一次一记录。 | NO / NOT YET | [OP-QM-004](/open-problems/quantum/born-statistics) |
| [Fourier 测不准界](#qm-uncertainty) | DERIVED MATHEMATICS / CONDITIONAL PHYSICS。 | NO / NOT YET | [OP-QM-002](/open-problems/quantum/phase-momentum-locking) |
| [势垒透射](#qm-tunneling) | EFFECTIVE / OPEN · 包络可算，核心跨越未解。 | NO / NOT YET | [OP-QM-005](/open-problems/quantum/tunneling-core-coupling) |
| [Born 统计](#qm-born) | OPEN · 已有线性吸收的条件性来源。 | NO / NOT YET | [OP-QM-004](/open-problems/quantum/born-statistics) |
| [质量及中性复合物标度](#qm-mass-scaling) | TO EVALUATE · 有条件性质心分离，尚无跨物种 ASD 联合计算。 | NO / NOT YET | [OP-QM-002](/open-problems/quantum/phase-momentum-locking) |

## 逐项验收记录

<ExperimentCard name="qm-wavelength">

[Davisson & Germer (1927) · Electron diffraction](https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.30.705) · [OP-QM-002](/open-problems/quantum/phase-momentum-locking)

</ExperimentCard>

<ExperimentCard name="qm-diffraction">

[Davisson & Germer (1927) · Electron diffraction](https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.30.705) · [OP-QM-003](/open-problems/quantum/effective-limit)

</ExperimentCard>

<ExperimentCard name="qm-single-events">

[Tonomura et al. (1989) · Single-electron interference](https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article/57/2/117/1040594/Demonstration-of-single-electron-buildup-of-an) · [OP-QM-004](/open-problems/quantum/born-statistics)

</ExperimentCard>

<ExperimentCard name="qm-uncertainty">

[OP-QM-002](/open-problems/quantum/phase-momentum-locking)

</ExperimentCard>

<ExperimentCard name="qm-tunneling">

[Binnig et al. (1982) · Scanning tunneling microscopy](https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57) · [OP-QM-005](/open-problems/quantum/tunneling-core-coupling)

</ExperimentCard>

<ExperimentCard name="qm-born">

[Tonomura et al. (1989) · Single-electron interference](https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article/57/2/117/1040594/Demonstration-of-single-electron-buildup-of-an) · [OP-QM-004](/open-problems/quantum/born-statistics)

</ExperimentCard>

<ExperimentCard name="qm-mass-scaling">

[Arndt et al. (1999) · C₆₀ interference](https://www.nature.com/articles/44348) · [OP-QM-002](/open-problems/quantum/phase-momentum-locking)

</ExperimentCard>

## 进入下一轮的门槛

先固定共享本构、校准输入与实际装置；再计算 ASD 与既有理论的同一可观测量差值、理论及实验误差、可排除的参数区间。没有装置级差值前，不能把改变解释标为 POTENTIALLY DISCRIMINATING。[OP-QM-006](/open-problems/quantum/experimental-discriminator)为下一轮 Predictions & Falsification 留下明确交付任务。

<CanonicalSource />