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    "相反相位、电荷与其他变换",
    "总电荷为零允许怎样的重组",
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---
## 为什么共轭结构需要完整对应

ASD 把反粒子描述为同种局域结构的完整共轭：电子与正电子的取向扭转及远场电荷相反，在对称空间基态中采用相同形变能与静止质量的对应。这个主张作用于全部核心与伴随场，实施时必须明确共轭变换如何保持作用量和边界。

如果物质是稳定的局域场组织，反粒子也应在同一动力学中有对应的组织。第四章以电子和正电子说明这一点：相反的内部相位标记与电荷对应共轭核心，静止质量及种类属性需要在同一理论中相互关联。反物质不是任意改变一个箭头后的新名称，而是核心、周围场、守恒量和响应的联合关系。

记完整构型为 $\Phi=(Q,\chi,\eta,\varphi,\ldots)$，共轭操作必须说明怎样作用于所有保留变量、约束、源与边界。书稿提出电荷共轭的物理对应，但当前候选尚需把完整变换落实到所选作用量和实际解；不能从一个局部相位反号就宣布能量与所有响应已被证明相同。

## 相反相位、电荷与其他变换

电子与正电子的内部相位约定为

<Equation name="mat-electron-phase" />

$\theta$ 是沿闭合路径 $C$ 定义的紧致相位，符号使用同一取向约定。该标记与负、正电荷候选相联系，完整电荷仍须用取向拓扑流及电磁源识别计算。内部手性描述取向组织，空间反演改变位置方向，自旋翻转改变角动量；这些操作与电荷共轭不同，不能默认互相替代。

若一个完整共轭变换保持作用量及边界，并把稳定解映到另一解，才能由该对称性论证能量对应，再核对电流反号、惯性和外场响应。书稿对电子—正电子的等质量、反电荷采用这一目标对应，仍需具体模型完成变换与计算。

## 总电荷为零允许怎样的重组

电子与正电子的净电荷账目为

<Equation name="mat-pair-charge" />

$N_{\rm em}$ 是经候选电磁识别后的无量纲次数，初态与末态总量均为零。这个条件允许没有分离电荷核心的终态，也允许在中性总扇区中组织局部正负密度。它约束可达过程，却没有指定反应率或唯一终态。

其他拓扑量、动量、角动量、能垒和边界也参与限制。一个总电荷中性的束缚态可以持续存在，并不因为电荷相消就必须立刻湮灭。相同的守恒账目在[创生](/theory/matter/creation)与[湮灭](/theory/matter/annihilation)中使用，形成路径则由非线性演化决定。

## 固定取向与幅度变化的两种路径

在严格固定幅度的 $Q$ 模型中，总次数为零的光滑构型可以重新分布局部正负拓扑密度，不要求全局次数发生跳变。因而不能宣称一切成对过程都必须穿过奇点。

若保留 $\Psi=\chi Q$，幅度降低或过零可以让局部取向坐标失效，某些重联路径则要由完整幅度场描述。两种路径的变量、能量代价和保护范围不同，须按实际作用量求解。[拓扑页](/theory/matter/topological-matter)规定这种区分，不能只选出看起来不可解缠的取向子空间忽略其他变量。

## 相反电荷并不指定反粒子种类

电子与质子虽然电荷相反，却有不同质量和内部组织，不能互称反粒子。质子对应反质子，电子对应正电子；判断要包括完整种类标签和共轭结构，而不是只看净电荷。

质子—反质子的重组涉及强连接及更复杂的终态，不能套用特殊静止电子对的两光子结果。相应[反粒子要求](/tests/matter#mat-antiparticles)关注等质量、反电荷及完整反应对应；[OP-MAT-007](/open-problems/matter/creation-annihilation)追踪共轭核心的动力学。这里的局域构造不另行给出宇宙丰度不对称或反引力机制。

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